Showing posts with label sacrifice. Show all posts
Showing posts with label sacrifice. Show all posts

Sunday, 18 October 2015

Knockout first round

The first round of the NECL knockout saw the three Colchester teams all playing on the same night. Both the A and B teams had unlucky draws having to play Division 1 teams. The A team were drawn against Writtle A, one of the favourites to win the cup and the B team were drawn against Witham A. The C team had a home match against Witham B. A number of players were not available resulting in the A and B teams having to poach players from the C team.

Colchester C were out-graded on three boards and lost a close match 1.5-2.5, they will now be in the plate competition. The A and B teams were out-graded on every board. Alex was on board 1 for the A team and was unable to hold a difficult position resigning when losing a piece was inevitable. John Duff-Cole played well against a much higher-graded opponent but lost a couple of pawns in the late middle-game. Felix pulled a point back with a good demonstration of the advantage of two minor pieces over a rook and pawn. Nathan then levelled the match after some unsound but dangerous tactics which gave his opponent the chance to go wrong. The final score was 2-2 with the A team winning after bottom-board elimination. For the B team Clive and Martin had solid draws, Norbert maintained his winning start as a Colchester player but result of the night was Svein's well-controlled win against an opponent graded 180 (33 points higher than his own grade) following an early piece sacrifice.

Two games are shown in the viewer below - the wins from Felix (annotated by Nathan) and Svein (annotated by Svein).

[Event "NECL Knockout"] [Site "Witham"] [Date "2015.10.14"] [Round "?"] [White "Kjenner, Svein"] [Black "Coughlan, Stephen"] [Result "1-0"] [ECO "C44"] [Annotator "Kenner, Svein"] [PlyCount "83"] [EventDate "2015.10.14"] [EventCountry "ENG"] {Witham A - Colchester B 2015 I did not know anything about my opponent. and had no idea about his strength. That, I think, was to my advantage.} 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. c3 Nf6 5. d3 d6 6. Bb3 a6 7. h3 O-O 8. Bg5 Ba7 9. Nbd2 Be6 10. Bc2 {I read some place that it is safer to allow the exchange of the light-squared bishops.} h6 11. Bh4 g5 12. Nxg5 $5 {To me this seemed very promising. (I am sure many will put a question mark to this move). If I knew the strength of the player facing me, maybe I would sit on my hands and consider more seriously to retreat the bishop.} (12. Bg3 {would be a completely different game.}) 12... hxg5 13. Bxg5 Kg7 {During the game I got impressed by the way my opponent manoeuvred his pieces to defend the position. He got both rooks into play, the knight via b8 and also the bishop on a7,} 14. Qf3 Rh8 15. Nf1 Nb8 16. Ne3 ({I also considered} 16. Ng3 {but on e3 it seemed more flexible.}) 16... Nbd7 17. O-O-O c5 18. Bb3 ({Here, and also later in the game, I considered} 18. Nf5+ {But here I did not feel the need to give my opponent the chance to exchange pieces. I felt it would give him better chances to defend with} Bxf5 19. Qxf5) 18... Qe7 19. g4 $6 ({As next note shows, I should not allow black to play the ...c4. That's why I should have played} 19. Bd5) 19... Rag8 ({I did not even look at the better move} 19... c4 {which my engine suggests as the best move. A line goes} 20. Bxc4 Bxe3+ 21. Qxe3 Bxc4 22. dxc4 Qe6 23. f3) 20. Bd5 ({Maybe now its time to exchage some pieces. It is not easy to hold the position for black. The bind is irritating and the white initiative is dangerous.} 20. Nf5+ Bxf5 21. Qxf5 b5 22. h4) 20... Nb6 {Here I did not even consider Bxb7.} 21. Rdg1 ({but I was tempted to play} 21. h4 {which is more to the point.}) 21... Nbxd5 22. exd5 Bd7 23. h4 Bb6 24. Nc4 {Maybe not the best knight manoeuvre.} ({One good alternative was} 24. Nf5+ Bxf5 25. Qxf5 {The bind is still annoying black. Specially in his dawning time trouble.}) 24... Bd8 25. Nd2 Qe8 26. Bxf6+ {The bind is no longer, so I might as well get rid of my bishop to give room for the pawns to advance.} Bxf6 27. g5 Be7 28. Ne4 Qd8 29. Rg2 ({My opponent had time trouble here. I should have played} 29. h5 {which, beside being a better move, would been more difficult to meet with little time left on the clock.} Rh7 {would have been a terrible mistake because of} 30. g6 {and it all falls apart.}) 29... Rh7 30. h5 Kh8 { And here Black got extra 15 minutes on the clock. To be honest I did not expect Black to manage to get out of this, as well as he did. I think he played these difficult positions very well. It was much easier to play the white side.} 31. Rhg1 Qe8 $4 {The first real blunder in the game. As often it comes just after the time control.} ({Better is to bunker in with} 31... Rgg7 { The Black position looks solid, and it is not clear how White can improve the position. Still I would not mind to play this positon as White. In the game I had much better time on the clock, and new timetrouble for Black was approaching.}) 32. Nf6 {The game is now lost for Black.} Qd8 33. Nxh7 Kxh7 34. g6+ fxg6 35. Qf7+ Rg7 36. hxg6+ Kh8 37. Rh1+ Bh4 38. Qf3 Kg8 39. Qh5 Qf6 40. Rxh4 Re7 41. Rg3 {Several moves were better, but I saw this forcing line and did not really consider anything else.} Bf5 (41... Be8 42. Qh7+ Rxh7 43. gxh7+ Kf7 44. h8=Q) 42. Rf3 1-0 [Event "?"] [Site "?"] [Date "2015.10.14"] [Round "?"] [White "Smith, Ivor"] [Black "Schnell, Felix"] [Result "0-1"] [ECO "C02"] [PlyCount "110"] [Annotator "Barnes, Nathan"] [EventDate "2015.10.14"] {C02: French: Advance Variation} 1. e4 c5 2. d4 cxd4 3. c3 e6 4. Nf3 Nc6 5. cxd4 d5 6. e5 {The opening has transposed from a Sicilian to a French (Advanced Variation).} Qb6 7. Nc3 Bb4 8. Bd3 Bd7 9. a3 Bxc3+ 10. bxc3 Nge7 11. O-O O-O $2 12. Bxh7+ $146 {The Greek sacrifice is sound - it is a good move in the position but there was a better one.} ({One example of how dangerous the position is for Black...} 12. Rb1 $1 Qc7 13. Bxh7+ Kh8 14. Ng5 g6 15. Qf3 {1-0 (15) Albu,M-Lecoq,E Huy 1993}) (12. Rb1 $142 $1 Qa5 13. Bxh7+ Kxh7 14. Ng5+ Kg6 15. Rxb7 $18 f6 16. Qd3+ $18 {and the rook along the 7th combined with the open kingside leads to a clear advantage for White}) 12... Kxh7 $16 13. Ng5+ Kg6 $8 {Almost always forced after the bishop sacrifice on h7.} ({Obviously not } 13... Kg8 $4 14. Qh5 Rfb8 15. Qh7+ Kf8 16. Qh8+ Ng8 17. Nh7+ Ke7 18. Bg5+ Nf6 19. Qxg7 Kd8) 14. Qg4 f5 15. exf6 Kxf6 $14 (15... gxf6 $2 16. Nxe6+ Kf7 17. Qg7+ Kxe6 18. Re1+ Ne5 19. dxe5 $18) (15... Rxf6 $4 16. Nxe6+ Kf7 17. Qxg7+ Kxe6 18. Re1+ Ne5 19. Rxe5+ Kd6 20. Qxf6+ Kc7 21. Qxe7 $18) 16. Nh7+ $6 {Solid play from Black has panicked White into trying to recover the sacrificed material - it would be better to have just kept the pressure on the black king. } (16. Qf3+ $142 Kg6 17. Qd3+ Kf6 18. Rb1 $14) 16... Kf7 $15 17. Nxf8 Rxf8 { White's attack has gone, the Black king is safe now despite the open nature of the kingside. Black has two minor pieces for a rook and a pawn which is normally enough for a decisive advantage in the middlegame.} 18. Bd2 Kg8 19. Rfb1 Qc7 20. Qg3 Qxg3 21. hxg3 {Exchanging the queens helps to consolidate Black's advantage.} b6 22. Bf4 Rc8 23. Kf1 Na5 $19 24. Bd2 Nc4 25. Ke2 Nf5 26. g4 Nfd6 $19 27. f3 Kf7 (27... Ba4 $5 28. Rb4 a5 29. Rxa4 Nxd2 30. Kxd2 $19 { The rook on a4 is trapped.}) 28. a4 $17 Nxd2 29. Kxd2 Nc4+ 30. Kd3 Kf6 31. Ra2 Be8 32. Rc1 $2 Bg6+ {Black is winning but missed a nice tactic to increase the advantage} (32... Bxa4 $142 $5 33. Rca1 (33. Rxa4 $2 Nb2+) 33... b5 34. Re2 $19 ) 33. Ke2 Rh8 34. Kf2 a5 35. Re1 Be8 36. Rb1 Bd7 37. Re1 Rc8 38. Rc1 Rb8 39. Rb1 Kg6 40. Kg3 b5 41. axb5 Rxb5 $19 42. Rxb5 (42. Raa1 a4 $1 $19 {the a-pawn can safely advance}) 42... Bxb5 43. Kf4 a4 44. Ra1 a3 45. Kg3 Kf7 46. f4 Ba4 47. f5 Bc2 48. Kf4 Bb3 49. fxe6+ Kxe6 50. g5 a2 51. Re1+ Kf7 52. g4 Bc2 53. g6+ Bxg6 54. Kg5 Bc2 55. Rf1+ Ke6 {White resigns} 0-1

 

Date: Oct-2015
NECL Knockout Round 1
 
Brd Col COLCHESTER A Result WRITTLE A Col
1 b Alex Orava (165) 0 1 Dave Kraszewski (183) w
2 w Nathan Barnes (158) 1 0 Jim Howson (167) b
3 b Felix Schnell (e155) 1 0 Ivor Smith (160) w
4 w John Duff-Cole (89) 0 1 Robert Rodie (139) b
(avg=141) 2 2 (avg=162)

 

Date: Oct-2015
NECL Knockout Round 1
 
Brd Col WITHAM A Result COLCHESTER B Col
1 b Stephen Coughlan (180) 0 1 Svein Kjenner (147) w
2 w James Steele (162) 0 1 Norbert Voelker (e140) b
3 b Chris Darbon (134) ½ ½ Clive Bellinger (130) w
4 w Dave Pearce (130) ½ ½ Martin Harris (120) b
(avg=151) 1 3 (avg=134)

 

Date: Oct-2015
NECL Knockout Round 1
 
Brd Col COLCHESTER C Result WITHAM B Col
1 b Phil Daley (120) ½ ½ Barrie Quin (121) w
2 w Pete Smith (119) 0 1 Keith Husband (114) b
3 b Brian Remmer (109) 1 0 Peter O'Malley (113) w
4 w Mark Johnson (100) 0 1 John Staplehurst (101) b
(avg=112) 1.5 2.5 (avg=112)

Saturday, 21 March 2015

Another two matches

Two matches were played this week, another two matches next week. The B and C teams both won 3.5-0.5, against Wethersfield and Chelmsford C respectively. The results mean that the C team still have promotion from Division 3 in their own hands and, if the A team and Maldon B slip up, the B team could still win Division 2.

 

Date: Mar-2015
NECL Division 3
 
Brd Col CHELMSFORD C Result COLCHESTER C Col
1 b John Constantine (125) ½ ½ Martin Harris (121) w
2 w Peter Brander (110) 0 1 Pete Smith (119) b
3 b Trevor Dickerson (122) 0 1 Brian Remmer (109) w
4 w Trevor Adams (89) 0 1 John Duff-Cole (87) b
(avg=111) 0.5 3.5 (avg=109)

 

Date: Mar-2015
NECL Division 2
 
Brd Col WETHERSFIELD Result COLCHESTER B Col
1 w Stefaan Van Poucke (149) 0 1 Alex Orava (148) b
2 b Bill Norman (128) ½ ½ Mike Wagstaff (148) w
3 w Ron Vallance (87) 0 1 Svein Kjenner (e139) b
4 b Sid MacDonald (78) 0 1 Mark Johnson (71) w
(avg=110) 0.5 3.5 (avg=126)

 

Below is Svein's win from the match against Wethersfield, annotations by the winner. A bishop sacrifice leads to an exposed king and a quick win.

[Event "NECL Division 2"] [Site "?"] [Date "2015.03.17"] [Round "?"] [White "Vallance, Ron"] [Black "Kjenner, Svein"] [Result "0-1"] [ECO "C01"] [PlyCount "44"] [EventDate "2015.??.??"] [EventRounds "2"] {Wethersfield - Colchester B, Board 3.} 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e5 3. e3 {Now I had no idea how theory goes.} ({I had of course expected} 3. dxe5 Ng4) 3... exd4 4. exd4 d5 5. c5 g6 (5... b6) 6. Be2 Bg7 7. Nf3 O-O 8. Be3 Re8 9. h3 Bf5 10. Nc3 c6 11. O-O Nbd7 12. a4 ({If white fights for the e4 square with} 12. Nd2 {I could have played} Nxc5 13. dxc5 d4) 12... Ne4 13. Bd3 Ndf6 (13... Nxc3 14. bxc3 Bxd3 15. Qxd3 b6 {is the preferred line my engine gives. But I wanted a K-side attack.}) 14. Qc2 Qc8 15. Bxe4 $6 Nxe4 16. Nxe4 Rxe4 (16... Bxe4 17. Qd1 {is also good, but I really wanted to hit on h3}) 17. Qd2 {And now: Men or mice?} Bxh3 {Of course there were more quiet continuations,} 18. Ng5 $4 ({ White really had to accept the challenge with} 18. gxh3 Qxh3 19. Nh2 Rh4 20. f3 Re8 21. Bf4 {My engine gives small advantage Black. I am not sure if White would have survived this. Which side would you like to play in this position?}) 18... Bxg2 19. Nxe4 {Now it is mate in five. The Queen and Bishop are perfect together in this positon.} (19. f3 Rxe3 20. Kxg2 {is two pawns up with a winning positon.}) 19... Bf3 $1 20. Kh2 (20. Ng3 Qh3 {and mate next move}) 20... Qg4 21. Ng3 Qh4+ 22. Kg1 Qh3 0-1

Sunday, 1 March 2015

What would you do? Part 2 continued

Below is the game continuation from the position given in "What would you do? Part 2". White declined the draw and did go onto win the game - but, while it worked out, it is not clear that this was the right decision - the time spent calculating had made had made it clear that with this continuation White was playing two losing sacrifices to try and swindle a win.

[Event "NECL Division 2 2014/15"] [Site "?"] [Date "2014.10.22"] [Round "?"] [White "Barnes, Nathan"] [Black "Coughtrey, Mike"] [Result "1-0"] [ECO "A24"] [WhiteElo "146"] [BlackElo "120"] [Annotator "Barnes, Nathan"] [SetUp "1"] [FEN "r3r3/pp4np/2p1bR2/2PpP1k1/1P4P1/3P1B2/P6P/4R1K1 w - - 0 31"] [PlyCount "19"] [EventDate "2015.02.18"] [WhiteTeam "Colchester A"] [BlackTeam "Clacton B"] {A24: English Opening vs King's Indian: Lines without ...Nc6} 31. h4+ $2 {An unsound sacrifice. Technically, this is a ? move but if you are going for a win as White playing sensible moves will result in a draw at best.} (31. Kf2 $142 Rf8 32. h4+ Kxh4 33. g5 Rxf6 34. exf6 (34. gxf6 $2 Nf5 $19) 34... Kxg5 35. fxg7 $15 {but if White is going to go down this line it would be best to accept the original draw offer.}) 31... Kxh4 $19 32. g5 $2 {Unsound sacrifice - again this is really a ? move but Black's king is exposed.} Kxg5 33. Kf2 Nf5 $2 (33... h5 $1 {was the only move that leads to an advantage for Black and shows that White's play was unsound - it gives an escape route for the king behind the h pawn.}) 34. Rg1+ $1 $15 Kf4 {the only sensible move} (34... Ng3 35. Rxg3+ Bg4 36. Rxg4+ Kh5 37. Rg1+ Kh4 38. Rh6#) (34... Kh4 35. d4 Re7 36. Rh1+ Kg5 37. Rh5+ Kf4 38. Rh4+ Kg5 39. Rg4+ Kh5 40. Rg8+ Kh4 41. Rxa8 {and White is winning easily}) 35. d4 {the only move that keeps the position as roughly equal - White must protect the pawn on e5.} Rg8 {Pushing the pawn to h5 was slightly better - but either way White is not much worse anymore.} (35... -- 36. Rg4# {was White's threat.}) 36. Rh1 $1 $11 { Every other move leads to an easy win for Black.} Rg4 $4 {Prevents mate but leads to an easy win for White.} (36... -- 37. Rh4+ Kg5 38. Rg4+ Kh5 39. Rg7+ Kh4 40. Rxh7+ Kg5 41. Rh5+ Kf4 42. Rh4+ Kg5 43. Rg4+ Kh5 44. Rxg8+ Kh4 45. Rg4+ Kh3 46. Rg1 Kh4 47. Rfg6 Ng3 48. R6xg3 a5 49. Rh1+ Bh3 50. Rhxh3# {is a forced mate - it is unlikely that all this could be calculated but it is easy to see that 37.Rh4+ would lead to an easy win.}) (36... Rg6 {is the only move that saves Black} 37. Rh4+ Kg5 38. Rh5+ Kf4 39. Rh4+ Kg5 40. Rh5+ Kf4 41. Rh4+ { with a draw by repetition. White can't play Rg4+ instead of Rh5+ as the king will be able to escape via h6-g7 leading to a win for Black.}) 37. Bxg4 $18 Kxg4 38. Rxe6 Nxd4 39. Rf6 $1 Kg5 $2 {Not that it really matters anymore} 40. Rg1+ {Black then actually played 40...Kh6 (an illegal move as the king moves into check) and White played 41.Rf5 (not noticing the illegal move). Black then resigned as the knight can't be saved due to the threat of mate.} (40. Rg1+ Kh5 41. Ke3 Ne6 42. Rxe6 d4+ 43. Kf4 Rf8+ 44. Rf6 Rxf6+ 45. exf6 d3 46. b5 cxb5 47. f7 d2 48. Rh1+ Kg6 49. f8=Q h5 50. Rg1+ Kh7 51. Qg7#) 1-0

Monday, 22 December 2014

Sacrifice

Here is the game played on Board 1 in the recent Colchester A v Wethersfield match. An interesting (though, according to the computer, dubious) sacrifice by Black on move 19 leads to a complicated game that White fails to find the right path through. Annotations by the winner.

[Event "NECL Plate 2014/15"] [Site "?"] [Date "2014.12.??"] [Round "?"] [White "Van Poucke, Stefaan"] [Black "Stemp, Matt"] [Result "0-1"] [ECO "D02"] [Annotator "Stemp, Matt"] [PlyCount "120"] [WhiteTeam "Colchester A"] [BlackTeam "Wethersfield"] {Here’s an interesting game I played in the recent match between Colchester A and Wethersfield. I’m playing black; watch out for a couple of unnecessary mistakes I make in the middle!} 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 d5 3. b3 {An unusual move that leads to easy equality for Black, who can now treat the game as a reversed Queen’s Gambit Declined.} Bf5 4. e3 e6 5. Be2 c5 6. O-O Nc6 7. a3 {Unnecessarily losing time, as Nb4 is not a threat. White should really seek to play c4 at the first opportunity to make sense of b3.} Bd6 8. Bb2 cxd4 9. exd4 {This exchange provides an edge for Black due to the misplaced bishop on b2.} O-O 10. Nh4 Be4 11. Nd2 Qc7 12. h3 Rac8 13. Rc1 {This was the last opportunity for White to play c4, as the pawns on the queenside are now becoming a liability.} Qe7 14. b4 {Ra1 was better, maintaining a more flexible pawn structure, though understandably White does not want to concede that Rc1 was inaccurate.} Bf4 15. Nhf3 Bg6 16. g3 Bh6 17. Ra1 Rfd8 18. Nh4 {After some piece-shuffling Black has emerged from the opening with a decent advantage. However, Black now attempts to force the issue…} Bxc2 $6 {A tempting move given the positions of Black’s rook on c8 and knight on c6, together with White’s awkwardly placed minor pieces on the 2nd rank and weak queenside. But Black has miscalculated…} 19. Qxc2 Nxd4 20. Qd1 {20. Qd3 is equivalent} Nxe2+ $2 (20... Rc2 {is better, after which Black can claim compensation after} 21. Bxd4 Rxd2 22. Bxf6 Qxf6 23. Qe1 Rc8 {However, 20...Nxe2 was based on a poor evaluation of the next move.}) 21. Qxe2 Rc2 $4 ({Instead, Black does better to bail out with} 21... Bxd2 22. Qxd2 Ne4 {and attempt to draw. Fortunately, White misses the winning move.}) 22. Bxf6 $2 (22. Nf5 {forking the queen and bishop is simply winning for White, though easy to miss because of the pinned e6 pawn.}) 22... Qxf6 23. Rad1 Qb2 24. Nhf3 {Black has (somehow) come out well, tying up White’s pieces with better piece activity. However, rather than the simple Qxa3 with three pawns for the piece, Black wants more… } e5 $2 25. Qxe5 $2 {Black once again relies upon White missing the key move. 25. Qd3! is significantly better for White, if not winning, as e4 is simply met by 26. Nxe4, due to the loose rook on d8.} Qxe5 26. Nxe5 Bxd2 {Black enters the endgame a pawn up with strong winning chances.} 27. Nd3 g6 28. Nc5 b6 29. Nb3 Bc3 30. Rd3 Bb2 31. a4 {Nd4 offered better chances to hold, forcing – at some point – a trade of knight for bishop. Now White’s pawns are weak, and with the passed d-pawn Black should be able to grind out a victory.} Rc4 32. Rb1 Bf6 33. Nd2 Rc3 34. Rb3 Rxd3 35. Rxd3 Kf8 36. Kf1 Ke7 37. Ke2 Ke6 38. Re3+ Kd6 39. Rd3 Re8+ 40. Kd1 d4 {Black could have advanced this pawn much earlier (e.g. move 27)} 41. f3 $2 {A move that significantly weakens White’s position, making Black’s job much easier; Rf3 offered more hope.} Kd5 42. Kc2 Be5 {Re1 is also strong, if not stronger.} 43. Nb3 Rc8+ 44. Kd2 Rc4 45. f4 Bg7 {Bd6 is perhaps better, but Black wants to keep constant control of d4.} 46. a5 Rxb4 47. axb6 axb6 48. Ke2 f5 49. Kd2 Ra4 {A simple manoeuvre that further activates the rook.} 50. Nc1 Kc4 51. Kc2 Ra1 {White’s pieces are now completely tied up.} 52. Rd1 d3+ $1 {A nice move to secure the win. Neither piece can take the pawn because of the overloaded king.} 53. Nxd3 Rxd1 {Note that the bishop covers the b2 square against the knight.} 54. Ne5+ Bxe5 55. Kxd1 Bd4 56. Kc2 b5 57. g4 b4 58. gxf5 b3+ 59. Kb1 gxf5 60. h4 h5 {Overall, not a bad game. After a well-played opening, the Bxc2 sacrifice, while objectively not great, offered some serious initiative that led to a winning endgame. However, patience is key! Sometimes the simpler move is the wiser move, maintaining advantages rather than seeking for more than the position offers. While flashy moves can feel good to play, putting your opponent in the hot seat and often providing good practical chances, they are rarely the best moves on the board. In the middlegame especially, it is normally a better strategy to calmly improve your position and wait for better opportunities to capitalise. But then, who can refuse playing a sacrifice!} 0-1

Saturday, 16 November 2013

Colchester v Chelmsford

This month there are no less than four matches between Colchester and Chelmsford. The C team have league matches against Chelmsford C and Chelmsford D; the A team have a league match against Chelmsford B and earlier this week had a knockout match against Chelmsford A. The A team narrowly lost to Chelmsford A (who won Division 1 last season).

Eldar Lachinov played his first game for Colchester, picking up a good win in a very sharp Modern Benoni - Mikenas Attack (8.e5). His analysis of the game can be found below.

Date: 13-Nov-2013
NECL Knockout: Round 2
 
Brd Col COLCHESTER A Result CHELMSFORD A Col
1 w Ian Gooding (167) 0 1 Russell White (196) b
2 b Dimitrios Kolomvas (e160) ½ ½ Ivan Myall (185) w
3 w Eldar Lachinov (e155) 1 0 David Chandler (182) b
4 b Mike Wagstaff (142) 0 1 Malcolm Bucknell (179) w
(avg=156) 1.5 2.5 (avg=186)